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Each piece of more distance between atoms is combined with potential energy running up, which is later, in the black holes, transformed back into kinetic energy, combined with high temperatures and high concentration of heat energy. The geometry of the system, the imense extentions in the galaxy, the immense concentration in the black hole, together with the gravity phenomenon, care for the oscillating shift from spread to concentration of heat.
Another and direct refutation of the 2. theorem of Thermodynamics, showing the thinking error, which leads to the false assertion: www.akt-entropie.jaaaa.net In the schoolbooks the thermal death theorem should be exchanged with a description of the oscillation, a description of a whole time window comprising collaps-expansion of the star system. We live in a cyclic universe.
Probable is, that all galaxies send away as much radiation as they collect. Thus radiation doesn’t influence our energy household calculation of galaxies.
Expansion of the universe? Or expansion of a part of the universe? Astronomers are reporting that galaxies are moving away from each other with high velocity. Can be. But óne possibility is, that this is a conclusion on the background of fault measurements. For they are measuring the distances to galaxies millions until billions of light years away mainly via the intensity of light flashes of a special kind of supernovas in them, the typ 1a supernovas. The probability, that these light flashes get intenser on the journey to earth is small. The probability, that these light flashes get less intense on the journey to here is very much greater. Subdue of light f.i. by dust on the way. The longer the journey, the more subdued. If the astronomers don’t have information over a subduing factor and don’t take this influence into account, they will automatically register a too great distance. The farer away, the bigger the fault: that produces a growing velocity! So this accelleration can be an artefact. Expansion of the universe in the computers of astronomers only, as result of unreliable measurements?
It’s funny to see, that the above observations (or misinterpretations of measurements) gave birth to a big generalisation: the Big Bang. Within galaxies Big Bangs are real. We see them operating: black holes, divorcing cold star systems and creating hot star systems. Black holes are the big creators, big renewers. That’s why they play a big role in AKT. A super system, creating periodically in a big bang a greater quantity of galaxies, f.i. all galaxies around us, the melkway included, or a cloud of gallaxies, which we can see via Hubble far away, is a theoretical possibility. Behind the world, which we see via Hubble, behind the ‘Hubble-world’ the world continues: more space, more matter. That’s probable. The probability that all matter of the infinite universe is uniting in a collaps to be ejected into space again is very small. The number of explanations possible with the model ‘mother-black-hole and stars of the galaxy as her children’ and birth act via the two opposite fire arms makes it probable that the model delivers a correct picture of reality. Are there observations supporting the validity of the same model for bigger unities: for clouds of gallaxies? Which stories of astronmers could describe activities of super-mothers?
Far away some galaxies, coming from different directions, are running into each other. They are colliding. With high velocity the stars of galaxy 1 are intruding into the star system of galaxy 2 and of galaxy 3 and of galaxy 4 and are passing through. And vice versa. For great parts galaxy 1 has already left behind the systems 2, 3 and 4. and is running out into the empty space behind. But the estonishing thing is: In the middle of this cold meeting a group of mysterious objects with huge gravitational power, seemingly black holes, seem to have caught each other, circling around each other. Doing so, they leave their group of stars, forming a new society. Or they are caught not by each other, but by a super-mother, zitting in the middle of the bulk, waiting already 1012 years for the return of her children. That is not clear, because the eyes of Hubble are not sharp enough. Perhaps the eyes of the Hubble-successor will be. Then we could come to learn more.
In each case the meeting of the star systems, coming from far away, make it probable that they have a common source. The galaxies, running away from each other again, will return now quicker than earlier, braked and then pulled together by the united gravity arms of the bh’s in the middle, Or by the united gravity arms of the super-mother, if present, and the mothers. Over time the mother-bh’s will merge into each other, or will merge into the super-mother, enlarging her womb and then will swallow the returning children one for one. After a time the pregnant super-mother will start to blow out giant amounts of hot matter via two fire arms, giving birth to a new cloud of galaxies. There should be a mechanism to make her spew out matter in intervalls, so that the new born gallaxies get separated.
The forces creating a single galaxy will not be sufficient to give birth to a cloud of galaxies. Thus most probably a super-mother has at her disposal super-powder, created in her womb by breaking down a further defense line of matter against coming closer by of other particles: created by cracking another inner shell of matter by super-pressure. That means, that a super-mother could be a super-dense package of whirling matter, 5000 times denser than a bh of nucleons, relative small of size, without Hawkins radiation at the surface entirely dark as long as she is not burning. The model shows its capacity to deliver an explanation for colliding galaxies , including now besides black holes also super-bh’s and perhaps even super-super-bh’s. The probability of a correct description is given. More facts which can be integrated make it greater. An exciting research project ahead!
Short summary AKT has presented a possible explanation for the developement of galaxies, the different forms, showing the ‘life-time’ of galaxies. The question: ‘How much ‘powder’ must a bh produce to burn out thereafter for 50% or for 100% ?’ cannot be answered now. Exact calculations of the dynamics of black holes, using the contraction-expansion-law of AKT, have still to be made. It’s a possibility, that they —after having reached the critical mass to shoot— burn away only a part of their mass, and stop then with beam activities. A considerable amount of matter could remain in the center. A great amount of matter could rest in the centers of clouds of galaxies in form of super-mothers, not burned out fully. Big bh’s seem to be constantly present in galaxies, inactive 1010 years and active 103 years, oscillating. We will have to check the facts still further. A big bh, hidden in the center of a galaxy far away, emitting only few (Hawkins) light, can betray itself by production of gravity effects on the visible neighbarhood, on burning suns, rotating around it, so that we can see it indirectly. From stars, living in the big womb of a galaxy, some are born and may see the light during an oscillation period of about 1010 years. The others must or may wait in the warm womb for their turn. The outside stars may develope, perhaps become a planet and a carrier of intelligent life, measuring the extensions of the galaxy, calculating the content of the womb. With the super-mother model AKT can even explain, why the galaxies, which we observe, run away with great velocity from each other: it’s a young still expanding galaxy-cloud. In a later phase, some billion years later, they will narrow each other with increasing velocity. That’s a prediction of AKT.
AKT explains the nature of light
Light has wave properties and particle properties. Light has interference properties. All three properties can easily be understood, using the AKT model of light. In AKT each photon is a complex system with impuls and energy. The energy of a photon is a linear function of the frequency f : E = h*f. A photon is a travelling and vibrating particle system, composed of particles, smaller than those in the focus of measuring physicists of today. AKT approaches them from the side of theoretical physics, thinking bottom up, beginning with the really smallest particles of nature, beginning with the ‘atoms’ of the old Greeks. In water waves the energy is a function of the amplitude also. Not so in light waves. They have all the same amplitude, but can have different frequencies.
Further discussion at www.akt-licht.jaaaa.net with The travel velocity c of light …….. Light shows interference properties
AKT explains the world of quantum physics The jumping character of the smallest particles is explained by AKT. No smooth transitions, but ’digital changes’ of impuls and energy. No half bits present! AKT explains, why. That touches the heart of the AKT-theory.
A lot of new questions arise. A lot of research ahead! AKT is still virginal. It’s the begin of a new era of physics.
The development strategy we follow is to look for possibilities, inquire them carefully, divide them into ‘more probable’ en ‘less probable’ and to go on with the most probable possibility /assumption / scenario / model amplification.
The start of the research was to work out a rather hidden possibility, which did not get attention until now.
Go back to AKT-Prelude go on to AKT go on reading part-3 =======================================================
Running experiments ============================================== http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2280975/Have-dark-matter-Scientist-leading-2bn-space-experiment-says-results-set-release.html ==================================================
Shedding some light on dark matter: |
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Part 2 |
